I know <R5> states that “Robots may be built ONLY from Official Robot Components from the VEX Robotics Design System unless otherwise specifically noted within these rules.”
Does this mean that parts such as the 48-tooth red gear from the VEXplorer kit is legal? This would be great as it would allow us to make a 4:1 ratio with gears as opposed to chain or HS Chain.
Yes, since this gear is an official part of the VEX Robotics Design System and his not restricted by any other rule, it is legal for use in VEX Gateway.