To answer this question you need to know how much average current your motors will draw.
There are a couple different ways to calculate/measure average current.
Power graph of a motor based on your torque / speed setting
Use a multi-meter to measure current draw from your battery source
(be careful to only use one motor at a time to avoid blowing the Fuse in your multimeter)
Once you know that your robot draws 15Amps per Hour (15Ah)
Then a 17Ah 12 Volt battery should definitely last your robot 1 hour of run time.