This sounds exactly like the issue many are complaining about occurring when using IMEs. It is a User CPU crash, believed to be caused by electro-static discharge. Here is the thread where this issue has been discussed: Possible Problem With RobotC (3.54)
Jake, tell us more about your robot design, what type of wheels? Do you use the IMEs and where are they located? Was field control able to disable your robot at the end of the match? Are you using ROBOTC? If so, the latest beta will help but read my post in the programming tips thread, there may be a non-beta release of that version soon.
All symptoms of user cpu crash caused by (probably) static. The new watchdog feature in ROBOTC V3.59 would have given you control of the robot back and at least allowed you to regain control during the driver control period. I would wait until the next official release before upgrading your version of ROBOTC as there are some other bugs in the beta that are being fixed.
I have an unproven theory that the static issue is worse on robots with mecanum wheels which was why I asked.
VEX/IFI provides the master cpu firmware, currently at version 3.23. This firmware has a small issue that needs addressing where if it loses communication with the user cpu (there are two micro-controllers in the cortex) it continues to run motors at the last commanded speed and ignores field control signals to stop them. This firmware will not be updated this side of worlds as JVN stated.
The user cpu which runs the ROBOTC firmware is likely to be updated soon once the beta test period for V3.59 is over. The new ROBOTC firmware includes a feature that allows the cpu to reset itself and resume communication with the master cpu in the event that static causes a cpu lockup. The user cpu is more prone to static related issues as most of the IO on the cortex is connected to it. The IME communication is especially susceptible to static as 1. IMEs are powered from the same power regulatir as the cpu and 2. the I2C communications bus used goes directly to IO on the processor (no series resistors or anything, there are ESD protection diodes).