Time to Encoders

How much time is equal to one turn in an encoder, and how many ticks in a full circle for an encoder?

Well the first question depends entirely on the gear ratio. Different gear ratios make things spin significantly faster.

Second question depends on type of encoder. Big red quad encoders have 360 ticks per rotation.

While IME’s are a little more tricky

Measures 627.2 ticks per revolution of the output shaft in High Torque Configuration
Measures 392 ticks per revolution of the output shaft in High Speed Configuration
Measures 261.333 ticks per revolution of the output shaft in Turbo Gear Configuration

I saw on your other thread that you are redoing your autonomous. Instead of trying to convert between time and encoder values, I would recommend just redoing all the values using the encoder.